Recherches sur la signification physiologique de la glande interstitielle du testicule des mammifères. Zur anatomie der männlichen geschlechtsorgane und analdrüsen der säugethiere.
Norcia: Edizioni Thyrus, Grafiche Millefiorini 1999.įabbi A. Preciani et Nursini dal XIV al XVIII secolo. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Publisher 2019.Ĭruciani GF. Verstümmelte Körper? Lebenswelten und soziale Praktiken von Kastratensängern in Mitteleuropa 1712-1844. Düsseldorf: Droste Publisher 1998.īabtschenko A. Gendered violence: castration and blinding as punishment for treason in Normandy and Anglo-Norman England. Endocrine history: the history of discovery, synthesis and development of testosterone for clinical use. Only recently did it become possible to produce injectable or transdermal testosterone preparations generating serum levels in the physiological range. Testosterone itself was isolated only in 1935 and, since then, has been available as a powerful medication for the treatment of hypogonadism. Although the testes were correctly identified as the source of androgenicity, attempts to use them in organotherapy can only have led to placebo effects. Castration, leading to a loss of virility and fertility, has been used over centuries for punishment of criminal acts and high treason, for the creation of obedient slaves and servants and for preserving the prepubertal soprano voices for musical entertainment. Thus, the effects of testosterone and its absence as a consequence of loss of the testes became known quite early in the history of mankind. The testes, with their exposed position, are vulnerable and easily accessible to external manipulation, including trauma and forceful removal. Extirpation and transplantation of endocrine glands are among the earliest tools in experimental endocrinology.
0 kommentar(er)
